#Negation (부정 표현)
17 Korean grammar points related to "Negation (부정 표현)", ordered by textbook level.
Beginner 1 (초급 1)Beginner 1 Grammar (초급 1)(4)
- N + 이/가 아니다N + i/ga anidaN + 이/가 아니다 – Is not N (Copula Negation)Is not / am not / are not N
- 안 + V/Aan + V/A안 + V/A – Do not / Is not (Short Negation)Not / do not (short negation of verbs and adjectives)
- V/A + -지 않다V/A + -ji antaV/A + -지 않다 – Do not / Is not (Long Negation)Not / do not (long-form negation for verbs and adjectives)
- 못 + Vmot + V못 + V – Cannot do V (Short Ability Negation)Cannot do V (due to external circumstances or lack of ability)
Beginner 2 (초급 2)Beginner 2 Grammar (초급 2)(2)
Intermediate 3 (중급 3)Intermediate 3 Grammar (중급 3)(4)
- N + 밖에N + bakkeN + 밖에 – Nothing/Nobody but N (Only N)Only; nothing but; no choice other than
- N + 말고 / V + -지 말고N + malgo / V + -ji malgoN + 말고 / V + -지 말고 – Not N, but... / Instead of Doing V1Not X (but Y); rather than X; do not do X, instead...
- 아무 + (이)나 / 아무 + 도amu + (i)na / amu + do아무 + (이)나 / 아무 + 도 – Any... at All / No... at AllAnyone/anything/anywhere/anytime; no one/nothing at all
- V/A + -지 않으면 안 되다V/A + -ji aneumyeon an doedaV/A + -지 않으면 안 되다 – Must / Have No Choice But to (Double Negative)Cannot not do; must; have to
Advanced 5 (고급 5)Advanced 5 Grammar (고급 5)(2)
- 여간 -지 않다yeogan -ji anta여간 + V/A + -지 않다 (Extremely, extraordinarily, no ordinary...)By no means ordinary / extremely / exceedingly (uses a negative predicate to emphatically affirm a high degree).
- 조차jochaN + 조차 (Even, not even)Even / not even (highlights that even the most basic or expected case fails to hold true).
Advanced 6 (고급 6)Advanced 6 Grammar (고급 6)(5)
- 마저majeoN + 마저 (Even the last remaining..., including even)Even (the very last one) (indicates that even the final remaining person or thing is included, usually in an unfavorable outcome).
- -기는커녕 / -은/는커녕-gineunkeonyeong / -eun/neunkeonyeongV/A + -기는커녕, N + -은/는커녕 (Far from ..., let alone ...)Far from doing/being..., let alone..., not to mention... (strongly negates the first item and states an even more extreme or opposite situation in the second).
- -(으)ㄹ 리가 없다-(eu)l liga eopdaV/A + -(으)ㄹ 리가 없다, N + -일 리가 없다 (There is no way that..., cannot possibly be)There is no reason/way that..., it is impossible that... (categorically denies a possibility as contrary to reason or known facts).
- -은/는 고사하고-eun/neun gosahagoN + -은/는 고사하고, V + -기는 고사하고 (Let alone ..., not to mention ...)Setting aside ..., let alone ... (leaves aside the higher standard in the first part and states that even the basic standard in the second is unattainable).
- -(으)ㄹ래야 -(으)ㄹ 수 없다-(eu)llaeya -(eu)l su eopdaV + -(으)ㄹ래야 + V + -(으)ㄹ 수(가) 없다 (Cannot possibly ... even if one tries/wants to)Even if one wanted/tried to ..., one could not possibly do so (repeats the verb to emphasize absolute impossibility).
All topics
- Connective Endings (연결 어미)
- Modality & Intention
- Particles (조사)
- Time & Sequence
- Conditionals & Supposition
- Cause & Reason
- Polite Sentence Endings
- Comparison (비교)
- Basic Sentence Patterns
- Tenses & Aspect (시제)
- Purpose & Plans
- Questions & Interrogatives
- Verb/Adjective Conjugation
- Noun Modifiers (관형사형)
- Change of State
- Experience & Trial
- Requests & Commands
- Suggestions & Invitations
- Ability & Possibility
- Location & Place
- Irregular Conjugation (불규칙)
- Honorifics (높임말)
- Obligation & Necessity
- Numbers & Ordinals
- Movement & Direction
- Desire & Wishes
- Nominalization (명사형)
- Demonstrative Pronouns
- Counters (단위 명사)
- Existence & Possession
