#Conditionals & Supposition
32 Korean grammar points related to "Conditionals & Supposition", ordered by textbook level.
Beginner 2 (초급 2)Beginner 2 Grammar (초급 2)(3)
- V/A + -(으)면 / N + (이)라면V/A + -(eu)myeonV/A + -(으)면 – If / when (Conditional Connective)If / when (expresses a condition or supposition)
- V/A + -(으)면 좋겠다 / -았/었으면 좋겠다V/A + -(eu)myeon joketdaV/A + -(으)면 좋겠다 – I wish / I hope that…I hope / I wish / It would be nice if…
- V + -(으)면 안 되다V + -(eu)myeon an doedaV + -(으)면 안 되다 – Must not / May not do V (Prohibition)Must not / may not / should not do V
Intermediate 3 (중급 3)Intermediate 3 Grammar (중급 3)(5)
- V + -(으)려면V + -(eu)ryeomyeonV + -(으)려면 – If One Wants/Intends to Do...If you want to...; in order to...
- V + -다(가) 보면V + -da(ga) bomyeonV + -다(가) 보면 – If You Keep Doing... (Eventual Result)If you keep doing..., eventually...; as you continue to...
- V/A + -았/었으면 좋겠다V/A + -at/eosseumyeon joketdaV/A + -았/었으면 좋겠다 – I Wish / I Hope That...I wish...; I hope that...; it would be great if...
- 아무리 V/A + -아/어도amuri V/A + -a/eodo아무리 V/A + -아/어도 – No Matter How Much / Even If...No matter how...; even if / even though...
- V/A + -거든(요)V/A + -geodeun(yo)V/A + -거든(요) – Because / You See... (Conversational Reason)Because, you see (sentence-final); if (mid-sentence conditional)
Intermediate 4 (중급 4)Intermediate 4 Grammar (중급 4)(6)
- V/A + -아/어야(지/만)V/A + -a/eoya(ji/man)V/A + -아/어야(지/만) – Only If / Must First... in Order to...Only if; only when; must first... to...
- V/A + -든지 ~ -든지 (N + (이)든지)V/A + -deunji ~ -deunjiV/A + -든지 ~ -든지 (N + (이)든지) – Whether... or... / Whichever...Whether... or...; whichever / whatever / whoever
- V/A + -(으)ㄹ수록V/A + -(eu)lsurokV/A + -(으)ㄹ수록 – The More... The More...The more... the more...
- V + -ㄴ/는다면, A + -다면, N + (이)라면V + -n/neundamyeon, A + -damyeon, N + (i)ramyeonV + -ㄴ/는다면 / A + -다면 / N + (이)라면 – If (Hypothetical / Counterfactual)If (hypothetical or unlikely condition); supposing that
- V/A + -(으)ㄹ 텐데V/A + -(eu)l tendeV/A + -(으)ㄹ 텐데 – Must Be / Would Probably... So...Probably / Must be..., so...; would have..., but...
- V + -자 / N + (이)자 / V + -아/어 봤자V + -ja / N + (i)ja / V + -a/eo bwatjaV + -자 / N + (이)자 / V + -아/어 봤자 – As Soon As (-자) / Both N1 and N2 ((이)자) / Even If You Try (-아/어 봤자)As soon as (-자); simultaneously N1 and N2 ((이)자); no matter how much you try, it's no use (-아/어 봤자)
Advanced 5 (고급 5)Advanced 5 Grammar (고급 5)(6)
- -되-doeV/A + -되 (Although / while admitting ..., on the condition that)Even though / while..., provided that (concedes the first clause while adding a contrast or condition in the second).
- -자면-jamyeonV + -자면 (If one intends to...; If someone suggests doing...)1) If one intends/wants to do something... 2) If someone suggests doing something... (contraction of -자고 하면).
- -는 한-neun hanV + -는 한, N + -인 한 (As long as, provided that)As long as, so long as, within the limit of (states a prerequisite condition or boundary for the main clause).
- -았/었더라면-at/eotdeoramyeonV/A + -았/었더라면 (If I had..., then ... would have...)If only ... had ... (counterfactual conditional expressing regret over something that did or did not happen in the past).
- -(이)라도-(i)radoN + -(이)라도 (Even if it's just..., any ... at all)1) Even if it's just... (a second-best alternative). 2) With question words (언제라도, 어느 것이라도): any ... at all.
- -거든-geodeunV/A + -거든, N + -(이)거든 (If / once ... happens, then...)If / when (states a realizable condition; the main clause must be a command, suggestion, or promise/intention).
Advanced 6 (고급 6)Advanced 6 Grammar (고급 6)(12)
- -았/었더라면 (회상)-at/eotdeoramyeonV/A + -았/었더라면 (Had I ... back then, I would have...)If only ... had ... back then (retrospective counterfactual expressing deep regret over a past event).
- -더라도-deoradoV/A + -더라도, N + -(이)더라도 (Even if, even though - hypothetical)Even if (strong hypothetical concession: even if the first clause were true, the main clause remains unchanged).
- -(이)나마-(i)namaN + -(이)나마 (Even though it is only..., at least)Although it is only / humble as it is, at least (accepts something less than ideal, or humbly offers something modest).
- -(으)련마는 / -(으)련만-(eu)ryeonmaneun / -(eu)ryeonmanV/A + -(으)련마는 / -(으)련만 (Would/should ..., and yet...)Would/ought to ..., but regrettably ... (expresses regret that reality in the second clause contradicts the expectation or counterfactual supposition in the first).
- -(으)ㄹ지라도 / -(으)ㄹ지언정-(eu)ljirado / -(eu)ljieonjeongV/A + -(으)ㄹ지라도 / -(으)ㄹ지언정, N + -일지라도 (Even if, even though / Rather than)1) -(으)ㄹ지라도: Even if (formal concessive). 2) -(으)ㄹ지언정: Even though / I would rather ... than ...
- -(으)ㄹ 바에야-(eu)l baeyaV + -(으)ㄹ 바에야 (Rather than doing..., it would be better to...)1) Rather than doing (an undesirable A), I'd rather do B. 2) Since we're doing A anyway, let's do it well.
- -(으)ㄴ들-(eu)ndeulV/A + -(으)ㄴ들, N + -인들 (Even if ..., what difference would it make?)Even if ... were the case, (how/what could...?) (concedes a hypothetical premise and follows with a rhetorical question to emphasize futility).
- -(으)면 몰라도-(eu)myeon molladoV/A + -(으)면 몰라도, N + -(이)면 몰라도 (Unless it is ..., otherwise cannot)Maybe if ..., I don't know, but otherwise ... (sets an exceptional condition under which something might be possible, while denying it in the current state).
- -기만 하면-giman hamyeonV/A + -기만 하면 (Whenever, as long as / every time ... happens)Whenever / every single time ... happens, ... follows (indicates an unfailing habitual result or sufficient condition).
- -(으)나 마나-(eu)na manaV + -(으)나 마나(이다) (Whether one does it or not, no need to even try)It makes no difference whether one does it or not (either because doing it is futile or because the result is already completely obvious).
- -아/어 봤자-a/eo bwatjaV/A + -아/어 봤자 (Even if you try doing..., it is no use)Even if one tries doing..., it will do no good / at best it's only... (dismisses the effort in the first clause as futile).
- -(으)ㄹ망정-(eu)lmangjeongV/A + -(으)ㄹ망정, N + -일망정 (Even if ..., I will never ... / Rather than)Even though / I would rather suffer A than do B (emphatically upholds a moral stance or firm resolve despite an adverse condition).
All topics
- Connective Endings (연결 어미)
- Modality & Intention
- Particles (조사)
- Time & Sequence
- Cause & Reason
- Polite Sentence Endings
- Comparison (비교)
- Basic Sentence Patterns
- Tenses & Aspect (시제)
- Purpose & Plans
- Negation (부정 표현)
- Questions & Interrogatives
- Verb/Adjective Conjugation
- Noun Modifiers (관형사형)
- Change of State
- Experience & Trial
- Requests & Commands
- Suggestions & Invitations
- Ability & Possibility
- Location & Place
- Irregular Conjugation (불규칙)
- Honorifics (높임말)
- Obligation & Necessity
- Numbers & Ordinals
- Movement & Direction
- Desire & Wishes
- Nominalization (명사형)
- Demonstrative Pronouns
- Counters (단위 명사)
- Existence & Possession
