TOPIK II · Level 6 · 15 Lessons (Literary, specialized, and idiomatic advanced structures)

Comprehensive Korean Grammar - Advanced 6 (고급 6)

All 60 Advanced 6 Korean grammar points (Lessons 1–15) from the Comprehensive Korean textbook: literary and formal discourse structures (-고자, -(으)로 말미암아, 을/를 막론하고, -(으)리라), extreme concessive and counterfactual forms (-(으)ㄹ지라도, -(으)ㄹ망정, -(으)ㄴ들, -아/어 봤자), comparative preferences (-(으)ㄹ 바에야, -느니 차라리, -은/는 고사하고), and high-level idiomatic patterns (-기 짝이 없다, -기 십상이다, -기 일쑤이다, -(으)ㄹ래야 -(으)ㄹ 수 없다).

Lesson 1: Extreme Emotion and Retrospection4 grammar points

Excessive cause with -(으)ㄴ 나머지, matchless degree with -기 짝이 없다, past counterfactuals with -았/었더라면, and indirect-speech particles 더러/보고.

Lesson 2: Formal Intention and Attribution of Cause4 grammar points

Formal purpose with -고자, hearsay reason with -(ㄴ/는)다기에, final-item particle 마저, and negative attribution with -(으)ㄴ/는 탓에.

Lesson 3: Dual Purpose and Strong Concession4 grammar points

Dual purpose with -(으)ㄹ 겸, emphatic agreement with -고말고요, subjective reason with -(ㄴ/는)다고, and hypothetical concession with -더라도.

Lesson 4: Sequential Order and All-Inclusive Scope4 grammar points

Strict sequence with -고서, conversational addition with -고요, asking past experience with -던가요?, and all-inclusive (이)나 (이)나 할 것 없이.

Lesson 5: Layered Negation and Sole Outcome4 grammar points

Emphatic negation with -기는커녕, proportional ground with -(으)니만큼, sole state with -(으)ㄹ 따름이다, and warning possibility with -는 수가 있다.

Lesson 6: Plausibility and Regretful Reversal4 grammar points

Plausibility with -(으)ㄹ 법하다, modest concession with -(이)나마, witnessed recall with -더라고요, and regretful contrast with -(으)련마는.

Lesson 7: High Propensity and Cumulative Addition4 grammar points

High negative propensity with -기 십상이다, cumulative -(으)ㄹ뿐더러, alternative actions with -(ㄴ/는)다거나, and strong concession with -(으)ㄹ지라도.

Lesson 8: Choosing Alternatives and Intensive Action4 grammar points

Preferring an alternative with -(으)ㄹ 바에야, proportional degree with -(으)ㄴ/는 만큼, persistent action with -고 들다, and concessive -(ㄴ/는)다마는.

Lesson 9: Verge State and Categorical Denial4 grammar points

On the verge of with -(으)ㄹ락 말락 하다, impossibility with -(으)ㄹ 리가 없다, circumstantial ground with -(으)ㄴ/는 마당에, and preference with -느니 (차라리).

Lesson 10: Hectic Routine and Formal Causality4 grammar points

Busy juggling tasks with -(으)랴 -(으)랴, habitual mishaps with -기 일쑤이다, perspective marker -(ㄴ/는)다는 점에서, and formal cause -(으)로 말미암아.

Lesson 11: Rhetorical Concession and Conditional Exception4 grammar points

Rhetorical concession with -(으)ㄴ들, sole exception with -(으)면 몰라도, spoken reason with -길래, and unfailing trigger with -기만 하면.

Lesson 12: Futile Attempts and Literary Conjunctions4 grammar points

Obvious outcome with -(으)나 마나, literary contrast with -건마는, 'let alone' with -은/는 고사하고, and cumulative conjunction -거니와.

Lesson 13: Unexpected Discovery and Utter Impossibility4 grammar points

Surprised exclamation with -(으)ㄹ 줄이야, natural law with -기 마련이다, utter impossibility with -(으)ㄹ래야 -(으)ㄹ 수 없다, and cumulative -(으)려니와.

Lesson 14: Unconditional Inclusion and Firm Resolution4 grammar points

Regardless of with 을/를 막론하고, literary will/conjecture with -(으)리라, futility with -아/어 봤자, and resolute concession with -(으)ㄹ망정.

Lesson 15: Dependence on Attitude and Conversational Nuance4 grammar points

Dependence on effort with -기 나름이다, taking the opportunity with -(으)ㄴ/는 김에, half-hearted action with -는 둥 마는 둥, and gentle counter/exclamation with -(으)ㄴ/는걸요.

Key Grammar & TOPIK Exam Focus – Advanced 6

1. Extreme Concession & Futile Supposition
★★★★★
Structures: -(으)ㄹ지라도, -(으)ㄹ망정, -(으)ㄴ들, -아/어 봤자, -(으)나 마나
Key tip: -(으)ㄹ지라도 = even if; -(으)ㄹ망정 = even if / rather than; -(으)ㄴ들 = even if (rhetorical question); -아/어 봤자 & -(으)나 마나 = no use doing.
2. Preference Comparison & Layered Negation
★★★★★
Structures: -(으)ㄹ 바에야, -느니 (차라리), -기는커녕 / -은/는 고사하고
Key tip: -(으)ㄹ 바에야 and -느니 (차라리) express 'rather than A, it is better to B'; -기는커녕 and -은/는 고사하고 mean 'let alone A, not even B'.
3. -기 Idiomatic Evaluation & Tendency Patterns
★★★★★
Structures: -기 짝이 없다, -기 십상이다, -기 일쑤이다, -기 마련이다, -기 나름이다
Key tip: -기 짝이 없다 = matchlessly/extremely; -기 십상이다 = very apt to (negative); -기 일쑤이다 = habitually prone to; -기 마련이다 = bound to; -기 나름이다 = depends on.
4. Academic, Discursive & Literary Style
★★★★☆
Structures: -고자, -(으)로 말미암아, 을/를 막론하고, -거니와 / -(으)려니와, -(으)리라
Key tip: Frequent in TOPIK II advanced reading (Q39–50) and essay writing (Q54): -(으)로 말미암아 (owing to), 을/를 막론하고 (regardless of), -(으)려니와 (not only... but also).