Comprehensive Korean Grammar - Advanced 5 (고급 5)
All 46 Advanced 5 Korean grammar points (Lessons 1–15) from the Comprehensive Korean textbook: formal causal and instrumental structures (-(으)로 인해, -(으)ㅁ으로써), degree and limitation (-(으)ㄴ/는 만큼, -(으)ㄹ 뿐이다, -(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다), past counterfactuals (-았/었더라면), natural laws (-(으)ㄴ/는 법이다, -게 마련이다), and advanced emphatic expressions (여간 -지 않다, -기가 무섭게, 조차).
Lesson 1: Goals and Causes3 grammar points
Expressing action goals with -게, speaker-informed conjecture with -(으)ㄹ걸요, and formal cause with -(으)로 인해.
- -게-ge#01V + -게 (So that, in order that)So that / in order to (the preceding clause states the target state or goal to be achieved by performing the following action).
- -(으)ㄹ걸요-(eu)lgeoryo#02V/A + -(으)ㄹ걸요 (Probably, I suppose)Probably / I bet / I suppose (expresses the speaker's conjecture based on personal grounds in spoken Korean).
- -(으)로 인해-(eu)ro inhae#03N + -(으)로 인해(서) (Due to, owing to)Due to, owing to, as a result of (used in formal writing, news reports, and official contexts).
Lesson 2: Degree and Status3 grammar points
Comparing degree and grounds with -(으)ㄴ/는 만큼, expressing sole limitation with -(으)ㄹ 뿐이다, and stating capacity/role with -(으)로서.
- -(으)ㄴ/는 만큼-(eu)n/neun mankeum#04V/A + -(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 만큼, N + 만큼 (As much as / Since, because)1) As much as, to the extent that (proportional degree). 2) Since, because (the first clause serves as strong grounds for the second).
- -(으)ㄹ 뿐이다-(eu)l ppunida#05V/A + -(으)ㄹ 뿐이다, N + 뿐이다 (Only, merely, nothing more than)Only / merely / just (emphasizes that there is no other action or state beyond what is stated).
- -(으)로서-(eu)roseo#06N + -(으)로서 (As, in the capacity of)As, in the capacity/status/role of (marks the status, position, or qualification of the preceding noun).
Lesson 3: Maintained State and Inevitability3 grammar points
Maintaining a state with -(으)ㄴ 채로, having no choice with -(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다, and concessive condition with -되.
- -(으)ㄴ 채(로)-(eu)n chae(ro)#07V + -(으)ㄴ 채(로) (While keeping the state of, with ... still ...)While remaining in the state of..., with something left as it is.
- -(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다-(eu)l subakke eopda#08V/A + -(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다 (Have no choice but to, cannot help but)Have no choice but to..., cannot help doing, it is only natural that...
- -되-doe#09V/A + -되 (Although / while admitting ..., on the condition that)Even though / while..., provided that (concedes the first clause while adding a contrast or condition in the second).
Lesson 4: Sequential Transfer and Discovered Result3 grammar points
Transferring action results with -아/어다가, discovering outcomes with -았/었더니, and intentional supposition with -자면.
- -아/어다가-a/eodaga#10V + -아/어다가 (After doing something and taking the result elsewhere to...)Performs the first action and takes its result to another place to perform the second action.
- -았/었더니-at/eotdeoni#11V + -았/었더니 (After I did..., I found that / Because I did...)After doing the first action, the speaker discovers a new result or experiences a consequence in the second clause.
- -자면-jamyeon#12V + -자면 (If one intends to...; If someone suggests doing...)1) If one intends/wants to do something... 2) If someone suggests doing something... (contraction of -자고 하면).
Lesson 5: Final Outcome and Conditional Scope3 grammar points
Expressing final outcomes with -고 말다, confirming hearsay with -(ㄴ/는)다지요?, and essential conditions with -는 한.
- -고 말다-go malda#13V + -고 말다 (End up doing, finally do)End up doing / finally do (expresses an unintended regrettable outcome or an outcome achieved after long struggle).
- -(ㄴ/는)다지요?-(n/neun)dajiyo?#14V/A + -(ㄴ/는)다지요?, N + -(이)라지요? (I hear that..., is that right?)I heard that..., is it true? (used to politely confirm information heard from another source).
- -는 한-neun han#15V + -는 한, N + -인 한 (As long as, provided that)As long as, so long as, within the limit of (states a prerequisite condition or boundary for the main clause).
Lesson 6: Means and Past Counterfactuals4 grammar points
Expressing near-equivalence with -다시피 (하다), means with -(으)ㅁ으로써, dual roles with N(이)며, and past counterfactuals with -았/었더라면.
- -다시피 (하다)-dasipi (hada)#16V + -다시피 / -다시피 하다 (As you know/see; Almost, practically)1) V + -다시피: As you know/see/heard... 2) V + -다시피 하다: Practically, almost, might as well be doing.
- -(으)ㅁ으로써-(eu)meurosseo#17V + -(으)ㅁ으로써, N + -(으)로써 (By doing, by means of)By doing, through, by means of (indicates the method, means, or instrument used to achieve a result).
- -(이)며-(i)myeo#18N + -(이)며 (Both ... and ..., as well as)1) Is both ... and ... 2) N1-(이)며 N2-(이)며: Including N1, N2, and so on (listing representative items).
- -았/었더라면-at/eotdeoramyeon#19V/A + -았/었더라면 (If I had..., then ... would have...)If only ... had ... (counterfactual conditional expressing regret over something that did or did not happen in the past).
Lesson 7: Proverb Quotation and Natural Laws3 grammar points
Citing sayings/reasons with -(ㄴ/는)다고, stating natural laws with -(으)ㄴ/는 법이다, and simile descriptions with -(으)ㄴ/는 듯이.
- -(ㄴ/는)다고-(n/neun)dago#20V/A + -(ㄴ/는)다고 (As the saying goes... / Because one says...)1) As the proverb says... 2) Saying that / because of claiming that (cites a proverb or subjective reason/purpose for the main clause).
- -(으)ㄴ/는 법이다-(eu)n/neun beobida#21V + -는 법이다, A + -(으)ㄴ 법이다 (It is natural that, it is a rule of life that)It is only natural that / bound to (states an inevitable truth, natural law, or universal principle).
- -(으)ㄴ/는 듯이-(eu)n/neun deusi#22V/A + -(으)ㄴ/는 듯이, N + -인 듯이 (As if, as though)As if, as though (describes an action or state by comparing it to a hypothetical or similar situation).
Lesson 8: Contrasting Cases and Rhetorical Confirmation3 grammar points
Expressing will/supposition with -(으)ㄹ 테니까, contrasting tendencies with -(으)ㄴ/는가 하면, and surprised confirmation with -(ㄴ/는)단/란 말이에요?.
- -(으)ㄹ 테니까-(eu)l tenikka#23V/A + -(으)ㄹ 테니까 (Since I will... / Since it will probably...)1) Since I will do..., (please do...). 2) Since it will probably..., (you should...).
- -(으)ㄴ/는가 하면-(eu)n/neunga hamyeon#24V/A + -(으)ㄴ/는가 하면, N + -인가 하면 (While some..., others... / As for...)1) While on one hand..., on the other hand... 2) If you ask who/what/how..., the answer is...
- -(ㄴ/는)단/란 말이에요?-(n/neun)dan/ran mariyeyo?#25V/A + -(ㄴ/는)단 말이에요?, N + -(이)란 말이에요? (Do you mean to say that...?!)Are you saying that...?! / Do you mean...?! (asks for confirmation out of surprise or disbelief).
Lesson 9: Second-Best Choice and Situational Cause3 grammar points
Expressing acceptable alternatives with -(이)라도, chaotic negative causes with -는 통에, and objective grounds/suitability with -기에.
- -(이)라도-(i)rado#26N + -(이)라도 (Even if it's just..., any ... at all)1) Even if it's just... (a second-best alternative). 2) With question words (언제라도, 어느 것이라도): any ... at all.
- -는 통에-neun tonge#27V + -는 통에, N + 통에 (In the commotion/chaos of..., because of)Because of / in the midst of the commotion of... (leads to an unintended negative result).
- -기에-gie#28V/A + -기에 (For doing, suitable to / Because, since)1) V + -기에 (좋다/불편하다): Suitable/convenient for doing. 2) V/A + -기에: Because I saw/found that..., I did...
Lesson 10: Retrospection and Complete Action3 grammar points
Recalling witnessed changes with -더니, casual conjecture with -(으)ㄹ걸요, and emotional completion with -아/어 버리다.
- -더니-deoni#29V/A + -더니 (Seeing that ... earlier, now ... / Since I saw...)1) Earlier it was..., and now... (contrast over time). 2) Having seen someone do..., as a result...
- -(으)ㄹ걸 (그랬다)-(eu)lgeol (geuraetda)#30V + -(으)ㄹ걸 (그랬다) (I should have..., I wish I had...)I should have... (expresses regret over not having done something differently in the past).
- -아/어 버리다-a/eo beorida#31V + -아/어 버리다 (End up doing completely / Do to the finish)Completely finish doing / end up doing (emphasizes complete finality along with a feeling of regret or relief).
Lesson 11: Concession and Emphatic Expressions3 grammar points
Concessive contrast with -(으)ㄴ/는데도, approximate assessment with -(으)ㄴ/는 셈이다, and strong emphasis with 여간 -지 않다.
- -(으)ㄴ/는데도-(eu)n/neundedo#32V/A + -(으)ㄴ/는데도, N + -인데도 (Even though, despite)Even though, despite the fact that (emphasizes that the main clause occurs contrary to what the first clause would normally lead one to expect).
- -(으)ㄴ/는 셈이다-(eu)n/neun semida#33V/A + -(으)ㄴ/는 셈이다, N + -인 셈이다 (Practically, amounts to, might as well be)All things considered, it amounts to / practically is (evaluates a situation as being virtually equivalent to a certain conclusion).
- 여간 -지 않다yeogan -ji anta#34여간 + V/A + -지 않다 (Extremely, extraordinarily, no ordinary...)By no means ordinary / extremely / exceedingly (uses a negative predicate to emphatically affirm a high degree).
Lesson 12: Trends of Change and Proportion3 grammar points
Expressing proportional change with -(으)ㅁ에 따라, citing representative examples with -만 해도, and acting in accordance with -(으)ㄴ/는 대로.
- -(으)ㅁ에 따라-(eu)me ttara#35V + -(으)ㅁ에 따라(서) (As, in accordance with, along with)As ..., along with ... (as the situation in the first clause changes, a corresponding change occurs in the second clause).
- -만 해도-man haedo#36N + -만 해도 (Even just looking at... / Up until just...)1) Just taking ... as an example. 2) (With time nouns) Even as recently as ... (contrasting past with present).
- -(으)ㄴ/는 대로-(eu)n/neun daero#37V + -는 대로, A + -(으)ㄴ 대로, N + 대로 (As, in accordance with / As soon as)1) Just as, in accordance with. 2) As soon as. 3) In its own way / according to the given degree.
Lesson 13: Contradictory States and Immediate Reaction3 grammar points
Coexisting contradictions with -(으)면서도, instantaneous sequence with -기가 무섭게, and tentative reason with -아/어서 그런지.
- -(으)면서도-(eu)myeonseodo#38V/A + -(으)면서도, N + -(이)면서도 (Even while, although knowing/being...)Even while doing/being..., yet still (highlights a contradiction between two simultaneous states or actions of the same subject).
- -기가 무섭게-giga museopge#39V + -기가 무섭게 (No sooner than, the very instant)No sooner ... than / the very moment ... (an emphatic form of -자마자 stressing instantaneous succession).
- -아/어서 그런지-a/eoseo geureonji#40V/A + -아/어서 그런지, N + -(이)라서 그런지 (Perhaps because..., maybe that's why...)Perhaps because..., I'm not sure if it's because..., but... (tentatively guesses the reason for the state/action in the main clause).
Lesson 14: Confirming Rumors and Inevitable Results3 grammar points
Confirming heard facts with -(ㄴ/는)다면서요?, natural inevitability with -게 마련이다, and extreme inclusion particle 조차.
- -(ㄴ/는)다면서요?-(n/neun)damyeonseoyo?#41V/A + -(ㄴ/는)다면서요?, N + -(이)라면서요? (I heard that..., is it true?)I heard that..., is that right? (asks the listener to confirm something the speaker heard elsewhere).
- -게 마련이다-ge maryeonida#42V/A + -게 마련이다 (Be bound to, it is only natural that)Be bound to / naturally do (expresses that an action or state inevitably occurs by nature).
- 조차jocha#43N + 조차 (Even, not even)Even / not even (highlights that even the most basic or expected case fails to hold true).
Lesson 15: Realizable Conditions and Overcoming Challenges3 grammar points
Realizable conditions with -거든, achieving through perseverance with -아/어 내다, and listing examples with -(이)라든가 / -(ㄴ/는)다든가.
- -거든-geodeun#44V/A + -거든, N + -(이)거든 (If / once ... happens, then...)If / when (states a realizable condition; the main clause must be a command, suggestion, or promise/intention).
- -아/어 내다-a/eo naeda#45V + -아/어 내다 (Manage to do, pull off through perseverance)Successfully carry out / pull off / endure to the end (achieves a result by overcoming difficulties with strong willpower).
- -(이)라든가 / -(ㄴ/는)다든가-(i)radeunga / -(n/neun)dadeunga#46N + -(이)라든가, V/A + -(ㄴ/는)다든가 (Such as ... or ..., whether ... or ...)Such as ... or ... (lists two or more representative examples among various possibilities).
Key Grammar & TOPIK Exam Focus – Advanced 5
1. Formal Cause, Means & Capacity
★★★★★Structures: N(으)로 인해(서), N(으)로서, V-(으)ㅁ으로써 / N(으)로써
Key tip: -(으)로서 marks status/role; -(으)로써 and -(으)ㅁ으로써 mark instrument or method; -(으)로 인해 marks formal cause in news and essays.
2. Limitation & Inevitability
★★★★★Structures: -(으)ㄹ 뿐이다, -(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다, -는 한
Key tip: -(으)ㄹ 뿐이다 = only/merely; -(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다 = have no choice but to; -는 한 = as long as / provided that.
3. Past Counterfactuals & Natural Laws
★★★★★Structures: -았/었더라면, -(으)ㄴ/는 법이다, -게 마련이다
Key tip: -았/었더라면 expresses counterfactual regret about the past; -(으)ㄴ/는 법이다 and -게 마련이다 express natural laws and inevitable truths.
4. Advanced Emphasis & Contrast
★★★★☆Structures: 여간 -지 않다, -기가 무섭게, -(으)ㄴ/는데도, -(으)면서도
Key tip: 여간 always pairs with negation (-지 않다) to mean 'extremely/extraordinarily'; -기가 무섭게 means 'the very instant / no sooner than'.
