Seoul 6B vocabulary · Lesson 14 · Part 2

oe-hwan-wi-gi i-hu bu-sil gi-eop-deul-eul jeong-ri-ha-go geum-yung si-seu-them-eul guk-je gi-jun-e mat-ge jeon-myeon-jeok-eu-ro gae-phyeon-haet-da.

After the foreign exchange crisis, insolvent companies were liquidated and the financial system was completely reorganized to meet international standards.

han-guk-eun cheon-gu-baek-yuk-sip-nyeon-dae seom-yu, sin-bal, ga-bal deung no-dong-jip-yak-jeok-in gyeong-gong-eop-eul jung-sim-eu-ro cho-gi gyeong-je seong-jang-ui gi-theul-eul ma-ryeon-haet-da.

Korea laid the foundation for its early economic growth in the 1960s, focusing on labor-intensive light industries such as textiles, shoes, and wigs.

jeong-bu-neun gyeong-je gae-bal o-gae-nyeon gye-hoek-eul gang-ryeok-hi chu-jin-ha-yeo guk-ga ju-do-ui go-do-seong-jang-eul seong-gong-jeok-eu-ro i-kkeul-eot-da.

The government strongly promoted the five-year economic development plan and successfully led to high, state-led growth.

go-so-deuk-cheung-e dae-han nu-jin-se-reul gang-hwa-ha-yeo sa-hoe yang-geuk-hwa-wa bin-bu gyeok-cha-reul hae-so-ha-ryeo-neun jeong-chaek-i si-haeng-doe-go it-da.

Policies are being implemented to resolve social polarization and the gap between the rich and the poor by strengthening progressive taxes on the high-income class.

jeon-thong-jeok-in nong-eop jung-sim guk-ga-yeot-deon han-guk-eun geup-sok-han gong-eop yuk-seong-eul thong-hae hyeon-dae-jeok-in san-eop guk-ga-ro byeon-mo-haet-da.

Korea, a traditional agricultural country, transformed into a modern industrial country through rapid industrial development.

jeon-jaeng jik-hu il-in-dang baek-dal-leo-e-do mot mi-chi-deon guk-min so-deuk-i ban-se-gi man-e sam-man dal-leo-reul dol-pha-haet-da.

National income, which was less than $100 per person immediately after the war, exceeded $30,000 in half a century.

gyeong-bu-go-sok-do-ro geon-seol-gwa pho-hang-je-cheol jun-gong-eun jung-hwa-hak gong-eop bal-jeon-ui than-than-han in-pheu-ra gi-ban-i doe-eot-da.

The construction of the Gyeongbu Expressway and the completion of the Pohang Iron and Steel Company laid a solid infrastructure foundation for the development of the heavy and chemical industry.

san-eop-hwa gwa-jeong-e-seo nong-eop in-gu-ga do-si gong-jang-eu-ro dae-geo i-dong-ha-myeon-seo nong-chon-ui go-ryeong-hwa-ga sim-hwa-doe-eot-da.

During the industrialization process, the aging population of rural areas intensified as the agricultural population moved to urban factories.

theuk-jeong guk-ga-e phyeon-jung-doen su-chul ui-jon-do-reul naj-chu-gi wi-hae dong-nam-a-wa jung-dong deung-eu-ro su-chul si-jang-eul jeok-geuk da-byeon-hwa-hae-ya han-da.

In order to reduce export dependence on certain countries, we must actively diversify our export markets to Southeast Asia and the Middle East.

han-guk-eun bul-gwa ban-se-gi man-e mu-yeok gyu-mo il-jo dal-leo-wa il-in-dang guk-min-so-deuk sam-man dal-leo-reul dong-si-e dal-seong-haet-da.

In just half a century, Korea simultaneously achieved trade volume of $1 trillion and per capita income of $30,000.

cheon-gu-baek-chil-sip-nyeon-dae geon-seol bum-eul tha-go su-manh-eun han-guk-in no-dong-ja-deul-i jung-dong geon-seol hyeon-jang-eu-ro dae-geo jin-chul-haet-da.

Riding the construction boom of the 1970s, many Korean workers moved to construction sites in the Middle East.

mu-ri-han cha-ip gyeong-yeong-eul il-sam-deon dae-gi-eop-deul-i yeon-swae bu-do-reul nae-myeon-seo guk-ga jeon-che-ga oe-hwan-wi-gi-e ppa-jyeot-da.

The entire country fell into a foreign exchange crisis as large corporations that had resorted to excessive borrowing went bankrupt.

ja-bon-ju-ui si-jang gyeong-je-ga seong-suk-ha-myeon-seo ja-san gyeok-cha-ro in-han bu-ik-bu bin-ik-bin hyeon-sang-i sim-gak-han sa-hoe mun-je-ro dae-du-doe-eot-da.

As the capitalist market economy matured, the phenomenon of the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer due to the asset gap emerged as a serious social problem.

han-guk-eun ji-ha-ja-won deung bu-jon-ja-won-i geuk-hi bu-jok-haet-gi ttae-mun-e u-su-han in-jeok ja-won yang-seong-e sa-hwal-eul geol-eot-da.

Because Korea was extremely short of natural resources such as underground resources, it put its life and death into nurturing excellent human resources.

gyeong-je seong-jang-ui gwa-sil-eul theuk-jeong gye-cheung-i dok-jeom-ha-ji anh-go sa-hoe jeon-che-e gol-go-ru gong-jeong-ha-ge bun-bae-hae-ya han-da.

The fruits of economic growth should be distributed fairly and evenly throughout society, rather than monopolized by a specific class.

ga-nan ttae-mun-e gyo-yuk-eul bat-ji mot-ha-go da-si jeo-im-geum no-dong-e meo-mu-neun bin-gon-ui ak-sun-hwan go-ri-reul kkeunh-eo-ya han-da.

We must break the vicious cycle of poverty that prevents people from receiving education and ending up in low-wage work due to poverty.

do-si-ro mol-ryeo-deun nong-chon i-ju-min-deul-eun phan-ja-chon-gwa san-bi-thal bin-min-chon-eul hyeong-seong-ha-myeo him-gyeo-un salm-eul i-eo-gat-da.

Rural migrants who flocked to the city formed shantytowns and mountainside slums and continued their difficult lives.

gi-cho-saeng-hwal-bo-jang su-geup-ja-reul bi-rot-han do-si bin-min-cheung-eul wi-han ju-geo an-jeong-gwa saeng-gye-bi ji-won-i jeol-sil-ha-da.

There is an urgent need for stable housing and support for living expenses for the urban poor, including recipients of basic livelihood security.

bu-dong-san ga-gyeok phok-deung-eun ja-san so-yu-ja-wa mu-ju-thaek-ja gan-ui bin-bu gyeok-cha-reul hoe-bok-ha-gi him-deul man-kheum beol-ryeo noh-at-da.

The surge in real estate prices has widened the gap between rich and poor between property owners and those without homes to the point where it is difficult to recover.

han-guk-ui geup-gyeok-han san-eop-hwa-neun 'han-gang-ui gi-jeok'-i-ra bul-ri-myeo se-gye gyeong-je bal-jeon-sa-ui mo-beom sa-rye-ro gi-rok-doe-eot-da.

Korea's rapid industrialization was called the 'Miracle on the Han River' and was recorded as a model example in the history of global economic development.

gi-bon-jeok-in ui-sik-ju-neun hae-gyeol-doe-eot-ji-man nam-deul-gwa bi-gyo-hae bak-thal-gam-eul neu-kki-neun sang-dae-jeok bin-gon-gam-i sa-hoe-jeok mun-je-ro dae-du-doe-eot-da.

Although basic food, clothing, and shelter have been resolved, relative poverty, where people feel deprived compared to others, has emerged as a social problem.

sa-hoe ji-do-cheung-gwa sang-ryu-cheung in-sa-deul-eun nop-eun do-deok-seong-gwa sa-hoe-jeok chae-gim-eul sil-cheon-ha-neun no-beul-re-seu o-beul-ri-ju-reul bo-yeo-ya han-da.

Social leaders and upper class figures must demonstrate noblesse oblige by practicing high morality and social responsibility.

seon-jin gyeong-je gu-jo-ro jin-ip-ha-myeon-seo je-jo-eop bi-jung-eun jeom-cha jul-go geum-yung, gwan-gwang, a-i-thi deung seo-bi-seu-eop-ui bi-jung-i hwak-dae-doe-eot-da.

As the country entered an advanced economic structure, the share of manufacturing gradually decreased and the share of service industries such as finance, tourism, and IT increased.

beop-chi-ju-ui hwak-rip-gwa thu-myeong-han si-jang jil-seo jo-seong-eul thong-hae guk-ga si-seu-them jeon-ban-ui seon-jin-hwa-reul i-ru-eo-ya han-da.

The overall national system must be advanced by establishing the rule of law and creating a transparent market order.

sam-myeon-i ba-da-in ji-ri-jeok i-jeom-eul hwal-yong-ha-yeo won-yang-eo-eop-gwa yang-sik-eop deung su-san-eop-eul hwal-bal-hi bal-jeon-si-khyeo wat-da.

Taking advantage of its geographical advantage of being surrounded by sea on three sides, it has actively developed fishing industries such as deep-sea fishing and aquaculture.

gyeong-gi chim-che-wa gu-jo-jo-jeong-ui yeo-pha-ro cheong-nyeon sil-eop-ryul-i chi-sot-a sa-hoe-jeok hwal-ryeok-eul tteol-eo-tteu-ri-go it-da.

In the aftermath of the economic downturn and restructuring, youth unemployment has soared, reducing social vitality.

dok-il-ro pha-gyeon-doen gwang-bu-wa gan-ho-sa-deul-i go-guk-eu-ro song-geum-han don-eun cho-gi gyeong-je gae-bal-ui gwi-jung-han oe-hwa hoek-deuk-won-i-eot-da.

The money sent home by miners and nurses dispatched to Germany was a valuable source of foreign exchange in the early economic development.

bu-mo se-dae-ui nun-mul-gyeo-un gyo-yuk-yeol-gwa geun-myeon seong-sil-han no-dong-ryeok-i-ya-mal-ro han-gang-ui gi-jeok-eul il-gun won-dong-ryeok-i-da.

The parents' generation's intense passion for education and diligent labor force are the driving force behind the miracle of the Han River.

geup-gyeok-han gong-eop-hwa jeong-chaek-eu-ro in-hae nong-chon jeolm-eun-i-deul-i il-ja-ri-reul chat-a do-si-ro tteo-na-neun i-nong hyeon-sang-i du-deu-reo-jyeot-da.

Due to the rapid industrialization policy, the phenomenon of young people moving from rural areas to cities in search of jobs became noticeable.

cheon-yeon-ja-won-i bu-jok-han dae-han-min-guk-e-seo ga-jang gap-jin ja-san-eun chang-ui-jeok-i-go u-su-han in-jeok ja-won-i-da.

In Korea, which lacks natural resources, the most valuable asset is creative and excellent human resources.

su-ip ja-yu-hwa-wa geum-yung ja-yul-hwa jo-chi-reul thong-hae si-jang gyeong-jaeng-ryeok-eul khi-u-go se-gye gyeong-je-wa-ui yeon-gye-reul gang-hwa-haet-da.

Through import liberalization and financial liberalization measures, we have increased market competitiveness and strengthened connections with the global economy.

gyeong-gi bul-hwang-gi-e ga-jang meon-jeo go-thong-eul gyeokk-neun jeo-so-deuk-cheung-eul wi-hae gin-geup saeng-gye-bi-wa il-ja-ri ji-won-eul hwak-dae-hae-ya han-da.

Emergency living expenses and job support must be expanded for low-income people who are the first to suffer during an economic recession.

oe-hwan-wi-gi dang-si su-manh-eun jung-san-cheung ga-jeong-i ha-ru-a-chim-e jik-jang-eul ilh-go geuk-bin-cheung-eu-ro jeon-rak-ha-neun a-pheum-eul gyeokk-eot-da.

During the foreign exchange crisis, many middle-class families suffered the pain of losing their jobs overnight and falling into extreme poverty.

jeon-jaeng jik-hu-e-neun gong-jang-eul ji-eul ja-bon-do gi-sul-do geo-ui jeon-mu-han jeol-mang-jeok-in sang-hwang-i-eot-da.

Immediately after the war, the situation was desperate, with almost no capital or technology to build factories.

gwa-geo bo-rit-go-gae si-jeol-e-neun kki-ni-jo-cha it-gi him-deun jeol-dae-jeok bin-gon-i on guk-min-eul jit-nul-reot-da.

In the past, absolute poverty, where it was difficult to even afford meals, oppressed the entire population.

gu-jo-jo-jeong gwa-jeong-e-seo dan-haeng-doen dae-gyu-mo jeong-ri hae-go-neun su-manh-eun sil-jik-ja-wa ga-jeong pha-than-eul nah-at-da.

The large-scale layoffs carried out during the restructuring process resulted in many unemployed people and broken families.

cho-gi jeon-ja san-eop-eun hae-oe bu-phum-eul deul-yeo-wa dan-sun jo-rip-ha-yeo su-chul-ha-neun ga-gong-mu-yeok hyeong-thae-ro chul-bal-haet-da.

The early electronics industry started out as a processing trade that involved importing overseas parts, simply assembling them, and then exporting them.

han-guk cheol-gang san-eop-ui sim-jang-in dae-gyu-mo je-cheol-so-ga gye-hoek-dae-ro seong-gong-ri-e jun-gong-doe-eot-da.

A large-scale steel mill, the heart of Korea's steel industry, was successfully completed as planned.

cheon-gu-baek-chil-sip-nyeon-dae o-il-syo-kheu dang-si han-guk gi-eop-deul-eun jung-dong geon-seol si-jang-e jeok-geuk jin-chul-ha-yeo wi-gi-reul gi-hoe-ro ba-kkwot-da.

During the oil shock of the 1970s, Korean companies actively entered the Middle East construction market and turned the crisis into an opportunity.

gyeong-je seong-jang-gwa deo-bul-eo an-jeong-doen so-deuk-gwa mun-hwa-saeng-hwal-eul nu-ri-neun jung-ryu-cheung-ui bi-jung-i kku-jun-hi neul-eo-nat-da.

Along with economic growth, the proportion of the middle class enjoying stable income and cultural life has steadily increased.

than-than-han jung-san-cheung-i sa-hoe-ui heo-ri-reul bat-chyeo jul ttae guk-ga gyeong-je-wa min-ju-ju-ui-ga heun-deul-ri-ji anh-neun-da.

When a solid middle class supports society, the national economy and democracy remain stable.

jeong-bu-neun cheon-gu-baek-chil-sip-nyeon-dae cheol-gang, jo-seon, hwa-hak deung jung-hwa-hak gong-eop yuk-seong-e jip-jung thu-ja-ha-yeo su-chul gang-guk-eu-ro do-yak-haet-da.

In the 1970s, the government invested heavily in fostering heavy and chemical industries such as steel, shipbuilding, and chemicals, thereby leapfrogging into an export powerhouse.

in-gong-ji-neung, ban-do-che, ba-i-o deung mi-rae cheom-dan san-eop-eul seon-jeom-ha-gi wi-han geul-ro-beol phae-gwon gyeong-jaeng-i chi-yeol-ha-da.

Competition for global hegemony is fierce to dominate future high-tech industries such as artificial intelligence, semiconductors, and biotechnology.

han-guk-ui jo-seon mit ga-jeon san-eop-eun hu-bal ju-ja-ra-neun bul-ri-ham-eul dit-go gyeong-jaeng-guk-deul-eul ppa-reu-ge chu-wol-ha-yeo se-gye il-wi-e ol-rat-da.

Korea's shipbuilding and home appliance industries overcame the disadvantage of being a latecomer and quickly overtook competitors to rank first in the world.

sa-hoe an-jeon-mang-i bu-sil-ha-myeon gyeong-je wi-gi-ga dak-chyeoss-eul ttae ha-ryu-cheung-i ga-jang kheun tha-gyeok-eul ib-go geuk-bin sang-thae-ro tteol-eo-jin-da.

If the social safety net is inadequate, when an economic crisis occurs, the lower class is hit hardest and falls into extreme poverty.

gong-jeong-ha-go thu-myeong-han si-jang jil-seo-reul hwak-rip-ha-neun geos-i ji-sok ga-neung-han gyeong-je bal-jeon-ui phil-su jo-geon-i-da.

Establishing a fair and transparent market order is an essential condition for sustainable economic development.

cheon-gu-baek-gu-sip-chil-nyeon oe-hwan-bo-yu-aek bu-jok-eu-ro bal-bal-han a-i-em-e-phu gyeong-je wi-gi-neun guk-min-deul-ui geum mo-eu-gi un-dong deung nun-mul-gyeo-un geuk-bok gwa-jeong-eul geo-chyeot-da.

The IMF economic crisis that broke out in 1997 due to a shortage of foreign exchange reserves went through a painful process of overcoming it, including the people's gold collection campaign.