Seoul 5B vocabulary · Lesson 11 · Part 1

yeok-sa-jeok sa-sil-eul da-rul ttae 'man-yak geu-reoh-ge doe-ji an-at-da-myeon'-i-ra-go ga-jeong-hae bo-neun geos-eun heung-mi-rop-da.

When dealing with historical facts, it is interesting to assume 'what if it had not been so'.

sam-guk si-dae han-ban-do-ui se na-ra-neun ju-byeon gang-dae-guk-deul-gwa chi-yeol-ha-ge oe-gyo-jeon-eul pyeol-chyeot-da.

During the Three Kingdoms period, the three countries on the Korean Peninsula engaged in fierce diplomatic warfare with neighboring powers.

dan-gun-wang-geom-eun gi-won-jeon i-cheon-sam-baek-sam-sip-sam-nyeon-e han-guk choe-cho-ui guk-ga-in go-jo-seon-eul geon-guk-haet-da.

Dangun Wanggeom founded Gojoseon, the first Korean state, in 2333 BC.

go-gu-ryeo-neun gwang-gae-tho-dae-wang si-jeol man-ju beol-phan-kka-ji yeong-tho-reul neolp-hin gang-ryeok-han guk-ga-yeot-da.

Goguryeo was a powerful nation that expanded its territory to the plains of Manchuria during the reign of King Gwanggaeto.

go-ryeo-neun kho-ri-a(Korea)-ra-neun i-reum-eu-ro seo-yang se-gye-e neol-ri al-ryeo-jyeot-da.

Goryeo was widely known in the Western world under the name Korea.

go-jo-seon-eun han-min-jok yeok-sa-ui si-jak-eul al-li-neun choe-cho-ui go-dae guk-ga-i-da.

Gojoseon is the first ancient nation that marks the beginning of Korean history.

han-gang yu-yeok-ui pyeong-ya-neun nong-sa-ga jal-doe-eo sam-guk si-dae-ui dae-phyo-jeok-in gok-chang ji-dae-yeot-da.

The plains along the Han River were good for farming and were a representative granary area during the Three Kingdoms period.

han-ja-neun go-dae dong-a-si-a guk-ga-deul sa-i-e-seo oe-gyo-wa hak-mun-ui gong-yong-eo-ro sseu-yeot-da.

Chinese characters were used as the official language of diplomacy and scholarship among ancient East Asian countries.

han-gang-eul cha-ji-han na-ra-ga han-ban-do-ui phae-gwon-eul jwi-eot-da-neun yeok-sa-jeok gong-tong-jeom-i it-da.

There is a historical commonality in that the country that occupied the Han River held hegemony over the Korean Peninsula.

go-ryeo gwang-jong ttae cheo-eum do-ip-doen gwa-geo je-do-neun neung-ryeok it-neun in-jae-reul deung-yong-ha-neun gi-ban-i doe-eot-da.

The civil service exam system, which was first introduced during the reign of King Gwangjong of Goryeo, became the basis for hiring talented people.

han-gang-eun seo-hae-ro tong-ha-neun ba-dat-gil-ui jung-yo-han gwan-mun yeok-hal-eul haet-da.

The Han River served as an important gateway to the sea route to the West Sea.

baek-je-neun ba-dat-gil-ui tong-hae jung-guk mit il-bon-gwa hwal-bal-ha-ge mun-hwa-wa mul-ja-reul gyo-ryu-haet-da.

Baekje actively exchanged culture and materials with China and Japan through sea routes.

bi-ok-han tho-ji-wa phung-bu-han in-gu-reul hwak-bo-ha-myeon-seo sin-ra-ui guk-ryeok-i geup-gyeok-hi sin-jang-doe-eot-da.

As Silla secured fertile land and an abundant population, its national power rapidly increased.

cheol-gi mun-hwa-ga bo-geup-doe-myeon-seo nong-eop saeng-san-ryeok-i geup-sok-hi hyang-sang-doe-eot-da.

As iron culture spread, agricultural productivity rapidly improved.

gang ju-byeon-ui gi-reum-jin pyeong-ya-neun hae-ma-da phung-seong-han gok-sik-eul saeng-san-hae naet-da.

The fertile plains around the river produced abundant grain every year.

go-gu-ryeo jang-su-wang-eun pyeong-yang-eu-ro cheon-do-han hu jeok-geuk-jeok-in nam-jin jeong-chaek-eul chu-jin-haet-da.

After moving the capital to Pyongyang, King Jangsu of Goguryeo pursued an active southward advance policy.

sam-guk-eun han-gang yu-yeok-eul cha-ji-ha-gi wi-hae su-baek nyeon dong-an chi-yeol-han da-thum-eul beol-yeot-da.

The three kingdoms fought fiercely for hundreds of years to occupy the Han River basin.

dae-dong-gang yu-yeok-eun go-jo-seon-ui jung-sim-ji-i-ja go-gu-ryeo-ui ju-yo geo-jeom-i-eot-da.

The Daedong River basin was the center of Gojoseon and a major stronghold of Goguryeo.

go-gu-ryeo-neun su-na-ra-wa dang-na-ra-ui dae-gyu-mo chim-ryak-e mat-seo kkeut-kka-ji yong-gam-ha-ge dae-hang-haet-da.

Goguryeo bravely resisted the large-scale invasions of the Sui and Tang Dynasties until the end.

han-guk mun-hwa-neun oe-rae mun-hwa-reul su-yong-ha-myeon-seo-do go-yu-ui dok-ja-seong-eul ji-kyeo wat-da.

Korean culture has maintained its unique identity while embracing foreign cultures.

go-gu-ryeo-ui gwang-dae-han yeong-tho-neun han-ban-do buk-bu-ppun-man a-ni-ra man-ju il-dae-kka-ji ppeod-eo it-seot-da.

Goguryeo's vast territory extended not only to the northern part of the Korean Peninsula but also to Manchuria.

nae-bu bun-yeol-gwa oe-se-ui chim-ryak-eu-ro in-hae o-raen yeok-sa-reul ja-rang-ha-deon wang-jo-ga myeol-mang-haet-da.

The dynasty, which boasted a long history, collapsed due to internal divisions and foreign invasions.

in-ryu-ui go-dae mun-myeong-eun dae-bu-bun keun gang yu-yeok-e-seo thae-dong-ha-go beon-yeong-haet-da.

Most of mankind's ancient civilizations originated and prospered in the basins of large rivers.

gang-eul tong-han su-sang un-song deok-bun-e sang-eop-gwa gyo-yeok-i bi-yak-jeok-eu-ro bal-dal-haet-da.

Thanks to water transport through rivers, commerce and trade developed dramatically.

baek-je-neun on-jo-wang-i han-gang yu-yeok-ui wi-rye-seong-e do-eup-eul jeong-ha-go se-un na-ra-i-da.

Baekje is a country where King Onjo established his capital at Wiryeseong in the Han River basin.

dang-si sin-ra-neun sam-guk jung guk-ryeok-i ga-jang yak-han jak-eun na-ra-e bul-gwa-haet-da.

At that time, Silla was only a small country with the weakest national power among the three kingdoms.

sam-guk si-dae-neun go-gu-ryeo, baek-je, sin-ra se na-ra-ga han-ban-do-ui phae-gwon-eul da-thu-deon si-gi-i-da.

The Three Kingdoms period was a time when three countries, Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla, competed for hegemony on the Korean Peninsula.

han-gang sang-ryu-ui malg-go kkae-kkeut-han mul-eun ha-ryu-ro heu-reu-myeo geo-dae-han mul-jul-gi-reul i-run-da.

The clear and clean water from the upper reaches of the Han River flows downstream and forms a huge stream.

jung-ang jip-gwon-jeok-in thong-chi che-je-ga seong-rip-doe-myeon-seo wang-gwon-i keu-ge gang-hwa-doe-eot-da.

With the establishment of a centralized ruling system, royal power was greatly strengthened.

han-gang yu-yeok-eul sin-ra-e ppae-as-gin hu baek-je-neun jeom-cha guk-ryeok-i soe-thoe-ha-gi si-jak-haet-da.

After losing the Han River basin to Silla, Baekje's national power gradually began to decline.

han-gang-eun sa-gye-jeol nae-nae phung-bu-han su-ryang-eul ja-rang-ha-yeo nong-eop-gwa yong-su gong-geup-e yu-ri-haet-da.

The Han River boasted abundant water throughout the four seasons, making it advantageous for agriculture and water supply.

do-ro-mang-i bal-dal-ha-gi jeon go-dae sa-hoe-e-seo-neun su-sang gyo-tong-i ga-jang hyo-yul-jeok-in i-dong su-dan-i-eot-da.

In ancient societies before the development of road networks, water transportation was the most efficient means of transportation.

sin-ra-neun sam-guk jung ga-jang neut-ge bal-jeon-haet-eu-na gyeol-guk han-ban-do choe-cho-ui sam-guk-thong-il-eul i-ru-eot-da.

Silla was the last to develop among the three kingdoms, but eventually achieved the unification of the three kingdoms for the first time on the Korean Peninsula.

i yeong-hwa-neun sam-guk si-dae jang-gun-ui mok-sum-eul geon gu-guk gyeol-dan-eul ba-thang-eu-ro han sil-hwa-i-da.

This film is a true story based on the decision of a general during the Three Kingdoms period to save his country by risking his life.

yak-so-guk-i-eot-deon sin-ra-neun ttwi-eo-nan oe-gyo-sul-gwa gyeol-dan-ryeok-eu-ro nan-guk-eul geuk-bok-haet-da.

Silla, a weak country, overcame difficulties with outstanding diplomacy and determination.

oe-se-ui chim-ryak sok-e-seo-do baek-seong-deul-eun du-ryeo-um-eul eok-nu-reu-go gyeol-sa hang-jeon-haet-da.

Even in the face of foreign invasion, the people suppressed their fear and fought desperately.

han-gang-ui gub-i-chi-neun mul-jul-gi-ma-da sam-guk si-dae-ui chi-yeol-han yeok-sa-wa jeon-seol-i eolk-hyeo it-da.

The intense history and legends of the Three Kingdoms period are intertwined with each winding stream of the Han River.

gyo-gwa-seo bu-rok-e sil-lin yeok-sa yeon-phyo-reul bo-myeo gak wang-jo-ui heung-mang-seong-soe-reul han-nun-e jeong-ri-haet-da.

The rise and fall of each dynasty was summarized at a glance by looking at the historical timeline included in the textbook appendix.

sam-guk-ui wang-deul-eun guk-ga-ui saeng-jon-gwa beon-yeong-eul wi-hae yeong-tho hwak-jang-e chong-ryeok-eul gi-ul-yeot-da.

The kings of the three kingdoms focused their efforts on territorial expansion for the survival and prosperity of their countries.

han-gang yu-yeok-eun gi-hu-ga on-hwa-ha-yeo sa-ram-i sal-go nong-sa-jit-gi-e choe-jeok-ui hwan-gyeong-i-eot-da.

The Han River basin had a mild climate, making it an optimal environment for people to live and farm.

buk-jjok go-gu-ryeo-ui gang-ryeok-han gun-sa-ryeok-eun baek-je-wa sin-ra-e kheo-da-ran an-bo wi-hyeop-i-eot-da.

The strong military power of Goguryeo in the north was a great security threat to Baekje and Silla.

han-gang yu-yeok-eun ji-ri-jeok-eu-ro han-ban-do-ui jung-sim-e wi-chi-ha-yeo gun-sa-jeok yo-chung-ji-yeot-da.

The Han River basin was geographically located in the center of the Korean Peninsula and was a strategic military point.

sin-ra-neun thong-il i-hu go-gu-ryeo-wa baek-je-ui mun-hwa-reul pho-yong-ha-yeo ha-na-ro yung-hap-haet-da.

After unification, Silla embraced the cultures of Goguryeo and Baekje and merged them into one.

han-gang-eul jeom-ryeong-ham-eu-ro-sseo eot-neun gyeong-je-jeok, gun-sa-jeok i-jeom-eun sil-ro mak-dae-haet-da.

The economic and military advantages gained by occupying the Han River were truly enormous.

geun-dae i-hu han-gang ju-byeon-eul jung-sim-eu-ro sang-eop ja-bon-i chuk-jeok-doe-myeo gyeong-je bal-jeon-ui tho-dae-ga ma-ryeon-doe-eot-da.

After modern times, commercial capital accumulated around the Han River, laying the foundation for economic development.

sam-guk si-dae-e jung-guk-eu-ro-bu-teo bul-gyo-wa yu-hak-i han-ban-do-e jeon-rae-doe-eot-da.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Buddhism and Confucianism were introduced to the Korean Peninsula from China.

baek-je-neun u-su-han bul-gyo mi-sul-gwa han-ja mun-hwa-reul il-bon-e neol-ri jeon-pha-haet-da.

Baekje widely spread excellent Buddhist art and Chinese character culture to Japan.

i-seong-gye-neun han-yang-eul do-eup-eu-ro jeong-ha-go o-baek-nyeon yeok-sa-ui jo-seon wang-jo-reul yeol-eot-da.

Yi Seong-gye chose Hanyang as the capital and founded the 500-year-old Joseon Dynasty.

han-gang yu-yeok-ui tong-je-gwon-eul ppae-as-gin guk-ga-neun jeong-guk-ui ju-do-gwon-eul ilg-ko su-se-e mol-lyeot-da.

The country that lost control of the Han River basin lost political leadership and was put on the defensive.

jeon-jaeng-e-seo seung-ri-ha-ryeo-myeon dan-sun-han mu-ryeok-ppun-man a-ni-ra ttwi-eo-nan ji-neung-gwa jeon-ryak-i phil-yo-ha-da.

Winning a war requires not only military force but also superior intelligence and strategy.

han-gang-ui yeo-reo ji-ryu-deul-eun han-ban-do jung-bu nae-ryuk got-got-eul geo-mi-jul-cheo-reom yeon-gyeol-haet-da.

The various tributaries of the Han River connected the central inland part of the Korean Peninsula like a spider web.

han-gang-eun han-ban-do-ui jung-sim-bu-e wi-chi-han ttwi-eo-nan ji-ri-jeok i-jeom-eul ja-rang-han-da.

The Han River boasts an outstanding geographical advantage of being located in the center of the Korean Peninsula.

o-se-gi go-gu-ryeo-neun jang-su-wang-ui nam-jin-eu-ro han-gang yu-yeok-eul wan-byeok-hi ji-bae-haet-da.

In the 5th century, Goguryeo completely dominated the Han River basin thanks to the southward advance of King Jangsu.

yeok-sa-hak-ja-deul-eun han-gang hwak-bo-ga sam-guk-thong-il-ui gyeol-jeong-jeok yeol-soe-yeoss-eum-eul ji-jeok-han-da.

Historians point out that securing the Han River was a critical key to the unification of the three kingdoms.

jo-seon-ui thae-jo-neun gae-gyeong-e-seo han-yang-eu-ro cheon-do-ha-yeo sae-ro-un guk-ga-ui gi-theul-eul da-jyeot-da.

King Taejo of Joseon moved the capital from Gaegyeong to Hanyang and laid the foundation for a new nation.

cheol-gi mun-hwa-ui do-ip-eun gang-ryeok-han mu-gi-wa nong-gi-gu je-jak-eu-ro i-eo-jyeo keun sa-hoe byeon-hwa-reul na-at-da.

The introduction of iron culture led to the production of powerful weapons and agricultural tools, resulting in major social changes.

sam-guk-eun yul-ryeong-eul ban-pho-ha-yeo guk-ga che-je-reul jeong-bi-ha-go beop-chi-reul hwak-rip-haet-da.

The three kingdoms promulgated laws to reorganize the national system and establish the rule of law.

sin-ra-neun dang-na-ra-wa-ui dong-maeng-eul jeok-geuk chu-jin-ha-yeo sam-guk-thong-il-ui bal-phan-eul ma-ryeon-haet-da.

Silla actively pursued an alliance with the Tang Dynasty, laying the foundation for the unification of the three kingdoms.

yeong-tho hwak-jang-eul dul-leo-ssa-go guk-gyeong ji-dae-e-seo sam-guk gan-ui gun-sa-jeok chung-dol-i kkeun-i-ji an-at-da.

There was constant military conflict between the three countries in the border area over territorial expansion.

go-gu-ryeo-neun su-na-ra-ui baek-man dae-gun chim-ip-eul sal-su-e-seo sal-su-dae-cheop-eu-ro wan-byeok-hi mul-ri-chyeot-da.

Goguryeo completely defeated the Sui Dynasty's invasion of a million troops with the Battle of Salsu.

yuk-baek-chil-sip-yuk-nyeon sin-ra-neun dang-na-ra se-ryeok-eul mol-a-nae-go dae-dong-gang i-nam-ui sam-guk-thong-il-eul wan-su-haet-da.

In 676, Silla drove out the Tang Dynasty and completed the unification of the three kingdoms south of the Daedong River.

han-gang ha-ryu-neun seo-hae ba-da-ro i-eo-jyeo go-dae-bu-theo hae-sang mu-yeok-ui geo-jeom-eu-ro beon-yeong-haet-da.

The lower reaches of the Han River lead to the West Sea and have prospered as a base for maritime trade since ancient times.

han-min-jok-eun su-man-eun oe-se-ui chim-ryak sok-e-seo-do kkeun-jil-gin saeng-myeong-ryeok-eu-ro jeong-che-seong-eul ji-kyeo wat-da.

The Korean people have maintained their identity with persistent vitality despite numerous invasions by foreign powers.

han-ban-do-neun dae-ryuk-gwa hae-yang-eul it-neun ji-jeong-hak-jeok yo-chung-ji-e wi-chi-hae it-da.

The Korean Peninsula is located at a geopolitical point connecting the continent and the ocean.

han-ban-do-ui han-bok-phan-eul ga-ro-ji-reu-neun han-gang-eun min-jok yeok-sa-ui jeot-jul-i-da.

The Han River, which runs through the middle of the Korean Peninsula, is the lifeline of national history.

jo-seon wang-jo-neun phung-su-ji-ri-sang gil-ji-ro kkop-hi-neun han-yang-e do-eup-eul jeong-haet-da.

The Joseon Dynasty established its capital in Hanyang, which is considered a good place according to feng shui.

sin-ra-neun han-gang yu-yeok-eul cha-ji-ham-eu-ro-sseo dang-na-ra-wa jik-jeop tong-ha-neun hae-ro-reul hwak-bo-haet-da.

By occupying the Han River basin, Silla secured a direct sea route with the Tang Dynasty.

han-gang-ui phu-reun mul-jul-gi-neun ji-nan su-cheon nyeon-gan han-ban-do wang-jo-deul-ui heung-mang-seong-soe-reul muk-muk-hi ji-kyeo-bo-at-da.

The blue waters of the Han River have quietly watched the rise and fall of dynasties on the Korean Peninsula for thousands of years.