ㅂ 불규칙 (Bất quy tắc ㅂ)bieup bulgyuchik
ㅂ Irregular Conjugation (ㅂ 불규칙)
Meaning: Final consonant ㅂ changes to 우 (or 오) before vowel endings
Conjugation & Pattern
- 1) Stem ending in ㅂ + vowel ending -> Drop ㅂ and add 우 (+ 어요 -> 워요, + (으)면 -> 우면): 춥다 -> 추워요, 덥다 -> 더워요, 어렵다 -> 어려워요, 쉽다 -> 쉬워요.
- 2) Exception: 돕다 (help) and 곱다 (lovely) change ㅂ to 오 before -아/어요 -> 도와요, 고와요.
- 3) Regular ㅂ stems (do not change): 입다 (입어요), 좁다 (좁아요), 잡다 (잡아요).
Detailed Usage
Applies to most adjectives ending in ㅂ (춥다, 덥다, 어렵다, 쉽다, 반갑다, 고맙다, 아름답다, 무겁다, 가볍다, 맵다) and a few verbs (돕다, 줍다, 눕다).
Example Sentences
- 1
오늘 날씨가 정말 추워요.
Oneul nalssiga jeongmal chuwoyo.
The weather is really cold today.
- 2
한국어 발음이 조금 어려워요.
Hangugeo bareumi jogeum eoryeowoyo.
Korean pronunciation is a little difficult.
- 3
어머니의 일을 도와요.
Eomeoniui ireul dowayo.
I help with my mother's work.
Important Notes
Before consonant-initial endings (such as -고, -습니다, -지만), ㅂ remains unchanged: 춥습니다, 덥고, 어렵지만.